2024년 5급 공채 행정 2차 영어

인터넷의 등장과 지난 수십 년간 지속된 미국의 헤게모니로 인해 영어는 비즈니스, 정치, 과학, 엔터테인먼트 분야에서 공통 언어로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 전 세계 80% 이상의 인구는 영어를 할 줄 모른다. 심지어 포털 사이트에서 정보를 검색하고 스마트폰에 입력하는 것과 같은 기본적인 디지털 생활조차 세계 대부분 인구가 제약이 있다. 대부분의 생성형 AI가 영어권 국가에서 개발되고 있는 것을 고려하면, 다양한 언어와 문화를 연결한다는 전망에도 불구하고 생성형 AI가 온라인이나 오프라인에서 영어의 지배력을 더욱 더 강화할 수 있다.
규모가 AI 기술의 핵심이다. 이전 세대와 비교하면 오늘날 AI 기술은 더 많은 계산능력과 훈련 데이터가 필요하다. 이는 최근 많은 챗GPT 사용자들을 놀라게 한 인간 언어와 같은 것을 만들기 위한 것이다. 생성형 AI가 학습하는 대부분 정보는 온라인상에서 수집한 것이다. 이런 이유로 온라인상에 영어 텍스트가 가장 많다는 것은 생성형 AI가 영어로 가장 잘 기능한다는 의미이다. 이는 역설적으로 전 인류를 위해 창조된 기술에 문화적 편견을 견고하게 할 뿐이다.

The world wastes more than 1 billion tons of food every year, according to a new report from the United Nations. That’s 17% of total food available to consumers as of 2019—enough food, if packed into millions of trucks, to circle the Earth seven times. Not only is this a shameful statistic in light of the more than 690 million people worldwide who go hungry each year, but it’s yet another way that we’re needlessly wrecking the planet. By one estimate, if food waste was a country, it would represent the greatest volume of greenhouse gas emissions after the output of the two leading producers, the United States and China. Moreover, the advocacy group Move for Hunger estimates it takes enough water to fill Lake Geneva three times to produce all the food that goes uneaten. Throwing out a couple of pounds of beef is basically like wasting the more than 13,000 gallons of water required to produce that meat, the group says. “Food waste touches on so many aspects of our lives,” said Zach Conrad, an assistant professor of health sciences at William & Mary college. “When we’re wasting food, we’re wasting resources.” He told me his own research shows that the typical American adult wastes about $3.50 worth of food every day. Think about that. Every single day, you and nearly everyone you know basically throws $3.50 into the garbage. “When you look at it like that,” Conrad said, “it really hits home.” The U.N. report notes that while restaurants and retail establishments contribute to global food waste, the majority (61%) occurs at the household level. More than 628 million tons of food are thrown out by consumers worldwide each year.

Robots are gradually becoming part of daily life in Korea, as the country’s recent amendment to the act governing the use of robots has allowed outdoor autonomous robots to drive on sidewalks for delivery, patrols and other purposes. This change has opened new avenues for related industries, as various advantages are expected for companies utilizing robots such as labor cost reduction, increased efficiency in last-mile delivery and improvement in safety, industry officials and experts said.
The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the National Police Agency recently implemented the revised Act on Development and Supply of Intelligent Robots. Previously, robots were not permitted to operate on sidewalks, but the revised law allows for new businesses to utilize robot delivery and patrols in outdoor environments. These outdoor self-driving robots are required to comply with road traffic regulations, just like pedestrians. Jaywalking or walking on roadways is illegal, and operators of these robots who violate the regulations will be fined 30,000 won ($23). Additionally, businesses seeking to use outdoor autonomous driving robots are obliged to have insurance coverage. Hong Gil Dong, a professor of mechanical engineering at Hanguk University, welcomed the revision of the act, saying that more attempts in the future will lead to significant advancements, resulting in labor cost reduction and improvements in business efficiency. “Delivery requires someone to physically deliver the items. If humans are involved, it is difficult to lower prices and, moreover, it is challenging to meet heavy demand all at once. In this respect, if these robots become more active, many businesses will be able to respond more effectively to higher demand at a lower cost.”
As the professor mentioned, the delivery robot industry seems promising. Market researcher MarketsandMarkets forecast that the delivery robot market will grow rapidly from $210 million in 2021 to $960 million in 2026. "Robot delivery is expected to help meet demand during peak hours and even lead to the development of specialized delivery services for offices. No one can guarantee the exact direction this business will take, but the possibilities are endless,” an official from a local delivery company said.