2023년 5급 공채 행정 2차 영어

다음 글을 영어로 옮기시오. (30점)
4차산업혁명이 진행되어감에 따라 사회 여러 분야에서 기술적 변화가 일어나고 있으며, 인공지능, 빅데이터, 정보통신, 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 자율주행, 드론 등 새로운 산업 기술의 활용방안이 공공 및 민간분야에서 제시되고 있다. 빅데이터와 인공지능을 이용하여 범죄를 예방하고, 이러한 기술을 스마트 시티에 적용하여 시민의 안전을 확보하는 방안이 활발하게 논의되고 있다. 따라서 경찰 등 공공기관과 민간 보안산업에서도 4차산업혁명의 활용도를 높이기 위한 치안정책의 마련이 시급히 필요하다.
특히 드론은 화재 및 재난현장에서의 인명 수색, 해수욕장에서의 물놀이 안전사고 예방 및 감시, 그리고 산업단지 내 환경오염과 안전관리 등에도 활용되고 있다. 또한, 드론은 실종자 수색 및 고속도로 감시와 같은 치안 분야에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그뿐만 아니라, CCTV와 같은 고정형 치안경비 기계의 단점을 이동형 치안경비 기계인 첨단 드론을 통하여 효과적으로 보완할 수 있다. 즉, 드론은 범죄 예방, 수색 범위의 확대, 직ㆍ간접적 증거수집 및 범죄진압에 이용될 수 있다. 따라서 예방적 규제행위와 더불어 적극적 범죄대응에 이르기까지 다양한 치안 분야에 드론을 적용하기 위한 정책적 논의가 필요한 시점에 이르렀다.

다음 글을 우리말로 옮기시오. (30점)
Connections—between and within cities—are vital to sustained economic growth, prosperity, and healthy living. Country roads connect farmers to markets and agricultural extension services, allowing the sale of crop surpluses and increasing food security. Metro lines connect skilled labor to good-paying downtown jobs. Bikeways also have utilitarian value plus the added bonus of promoting active travel and providing access to nature and the great outdoors. For avid cyclists, they make work-live-play balance possible. Decades of research convincingly shows that transport infrastructure is among the most powerful tools available for growing local and regional economies and enhancing quality of life.
In the language of microeconomics, transport is an essential factor input to economic production. It links raw materials to factories, finished products to distribution centers and retail outlets, and skilled labor to service industry jobs. Lowering transport costs increases firm productivity and profits. For cities of several hundred thousand inhabitants and more, tall office buildings owe their existence, in part, to metros and commuter rail lines that funnel sufficient numbers of high-skilled workers needed to achieve agglomeration economies, the economic benefits of clustered development. Concentrated growth, as in the form of downtown office towers, facilitates face-to-face contacts, interfirm exchanges, and knowledge spillovers, critical elements of knowledge-based economies. What’s more, regional highway and transit networks expand laborsheds and tradesheds, the geographic territory from which firms draw in labor and commercially transact. In so doing, they facilitate firm-worker matching. As the geographic reach of labor markets increases, so does the likelihood that a company can recruit and hire the right person for the job and a worker can find the best job for her or his skill set and career aspirations.

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (총 40점)
Within a short span of time, immigration has become one of the major issues in the field of European politics and social discourse questioning the status quo of such conceptions as citizenship, nationhood and community cohesion. Migration within the borders of the European Union and above all external immigration has led to a phenomenon described as multiculturalism. Advocates of multiculturalism believe that ensuring a sense of worth, dignity and recognition through affirming cultural diversity for diverse groups of immigrants benefits all members of local communities. Not only do distinctive identities and practices encourage precisely the notions of cosmopolitan citizenship that accommodate difference in ways that are essential in modern multicultural societies, diversity is a positive societal value.
However, according to multiculturalism’s critics, Europe has allowed excessive immigration without demanding enough integration—a mismatch that has eroded social cohesion, undermined national identities, and degraded public trust. While concerns about the social cohesion of societies are by no means a new phenomenon in politics, it is striking how prominent social cohesion discourses have become in contemporary politics in the West. As a response to immigration and the resulting increased levels of ethnic diversity, worries are raised about a loss of feelings of togetherness, parallel societies, lack of integration of ethnic minorities in the educational system and on the job market, radicalization, the subjection of women, and more generally cultural practices that are incompatible with the liberal values of the majority population. Multicultural discourses in Europe have been replaced by more exclusionary and nationalistic ones, where social cohesion is being equated with homogeneity and assimilation.
This move away from multiculturalism, however, has not been equally clear in normative political theory. Regarding the effects of multicultural policies on social cohesion, some theorists have argued that since such policies emphasize difference they tend to undermine feelings of belonging together, where such a sense of togetherness is a prerequisite for solidarity and support for redistribution. Others, on the other hand, have argued that sensitivity to minority religions and cultures is likely to promote minority support for state institutions and, more generally, a sense of inclusion. So it seems, the choice between nationalism and multiculturalism is becoming increasingly stark in our time.