2021년 5급 공채 행정 2차 영어

다음 글을 영어로 옮기시오. (30점)
한국의 노동시장에서 가장 심각한 문제 중 하나는 비정규직의 증가와 이에 따른 사회적 갈등의 심화이다. 비정규직은 1997년 외환위기를 거치면서 지속적으로 증가하기 시작했으며, 2014년에는 전체 노동자의 절반을 차지하게 되었다. 비정규직이 증가하면서 비정규직 노동자들의 투쟁 또한 증가하고 있다. 몇 년 전부터 한국사회를 뜨겁게 달구었던 비정규직 관련 여러 사건들은 해를 거듭할수록 비정규직 노동자들의 투쟁이 증가하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 그 형태 또한 다양화되고 있음을 보여준다. 비정규직의 증가는 신자유주의 경제정책의 확산과 더불어 한국, 독일, 이탈리아, 일본, 네덜란드 등 전 세계 주요 선진국가에서 공통적으로 나타나고 있다. 그러나 주요 선진국가의 경우 한국사회와 같이 비정규직과 관련된 노사갈등은 심각하지 않다. 한국 노동시장에서 절반을 차지하고 있는 비정규직 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 임금과 근로조건의 차별을 해소하고 상시적인 업무에 종사하고 있는 비정규직을 정규직으로 전환하는 것이 필요하다. 그렇지만 산업구조의 변화와 더불어 자발적인 비정규직이 증가하고 있는 상황에서 모든 노동자를 정규직화 하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하며, 노동자들의 생활 만족도는 임금과 같은 경제적인 요인뿐만 아니라 건강, 주거환경, 가족관계, 여가 등 다양한 조건에 의해서 결정된다. 따라서 현대 산업사회에서 그 중요성이 강조되고 있는 노동자들의 생활 만족도를 높이기 위해서는 고용형태에 따른 차별을 해소하는 것도 필요하지만, 노동자들의 생활 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 구체적으로 밝히는 것이 선행되어야 한다.

다음 글을 우리말로 옮기시오. (30점)
In all societies, people interact constantly. Sometimes the interaction is cooperative, such as when business partners successfully collaborate on a project. Other times the interaction is competitive, as exemplified by two or more firms fighting for market share, by several workers vying for a promotion that can be given to only one of them, or by rival politicians in an election. In either case, the term interdependence applies―one person’s behavior affects another person’s well-being, either positively or negatively.
Situations of interdependence are called strategic settings because, in order for a person to decide how best to behave, he must consider how others around him choose their actions. If partners want to complete a project successfully, they are well advised to coordinate their efforts. If a firm wishes to maximize its profit, it must estimate and analyze the stance of its rivals. If a worker wants to secure a promotion, she ought to consider the opposing efforts of her colleagues. If a politician wants to win an election, she should pick a campaign strategy that competes favorably with her opponent’s strategy.
Even on a bad-cogitation day, we can easily discover the truth that strategy is fundamental to the workings of society. But this realization is just the beginning. For a greater challenge, we can try to develop an understanding of how people actually behave, and how they should be advised to behave, in strategic situations. A systematic study of this sort yields a theory of strategic interaction. The theory is useful in many ways. First, it identifies a language with which we can converse and exchange ideas about human endeavor. Second, it provides a framework that guides us in constructing models of strategic settings―a process that engenders insights by challenging us to be clear and rigorous in our thinking. Third, it helps us trace through the logical implications of assumptions about behavior.

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (총 40점)
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been a hot debate topic for some time. As detractors press on with demands for GMO food labeling, most scientists and food safety experts now promote the healthy and harm-free nature of genetically modified products. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have finally taken a stand in the debate with an announcement that GMOs are safe, healthy, and even good for the environment.
The National Academy consortium took the further step of releasing a website dedicated to educating people about GMOs. Instead of just issuing a report, the Academies wanted to make the source data available to the public in a searchable format. “Part of our approach here was to make this not just a report. This is all on a website. We hope that this report will open a conversation, not make some kind of a proclamation,” said the committee chair.
Of course, the collection of source data is pretty impressive. The committee that issued the report reviewed a collection of 900 existing reports covering GMO safety and health. Then they went on to interview a further roster of 80 industry experts and academics. Finally, the committee also reviewed over 700 comments submitted by members of the public. The breadth and variety of data included in the report shows that a holistic understanding of GMOs requires a many-angled approach.
All in all, the report concludes that there is no substantiated evidence that GMOs are less safe than non-modified crops. The committee even asserted that higher levels of vitamin A found in GMOs present a recognizable benefit to humans. On the agricultural side, the report includes data to show that farmers growing GMO crops make more money than non-GMO competitors, and that genetic modifications intended to resist the threat of pests and herbicides successfully reduce crop loss.
Some of these important findings effectively squash rumor mill health concerns and paranoid theories about the dangers of genetically modified foods. But, that’s not to say that the report ignores the potential dangers of unregulated GMO production. When it comes to GMOs, the slippery slope from genetics to eugenics is a real concern for scientists and concerned citizens alike.