2017년 5급 공채 행정 2차 영어

다음 글을 영어로 옮기시오. (30점)
최근 선진국에서는 경제적 불평등의 심화에 대한 논의가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 그러한 상황에 맞서려는 움직임은 거의 없고, 대신 많은 형태의 불평등과 이를 야기하는 과정이 암묵적으로 수용되고 있다. 그 결과 사회에 불만이 팽배해졌다.
20세기 중반 수십 년 동안 서구 국가들은 불평등을 극적으로 줄이는 데 성공했다. 이에 영향을 미친 세 가지 객관적 요인은 개혁의 결여가 사회적․정치적 소요를 초래할 수 있다는 두려움, 1․2차 세계 대전의 영향, 그리고 운명은 개인에게 책임이 있다는 믿음의 쇠퇴이다. 이 세 가지 요인은 사회보험, 최저 임금, 강한 복지 국가, 누진세와 같은 정책들을 이끌어 냈다. 이 모든 정책들은 경제와 사회를 좀 더 평등하게 만드는 데 도움을 주었다.
그러나 최근 수십 년간 그러한 모든 객관적인 요인들과 평등주의 공공 정책에 대한 지지가 사라졌다. 따라서 오늘날 불평등의 심화 문제를 해결하고자 하는 사람들은 그러한 노력을 정당화하는 개념적 틀을 우선적으로 형성해야 한다.

다음 글을 우리말로 옮기시오. (30점)
Citizen reporting over mobile platforms would strengthen the state’s ability to maintain security, should the two sides choose to work together. Every citizen with a mobile device is a potential witness and investigator, more widely dispersed than any law-enforcement body and ready to document evidence of wrongdoing. In the best cases, citizens will choose to participate in these mobile vigilance activities, out of national sentiment or self-interest, and together with the state they will help build a safer and more honest society. In the worst cases, where large portions of the population distrust the government or favor the ex-combatants, those citizen-reporting channels could be used to share false information and waste police time.
Citizen engagement will be crucial beyond initial security issues, too. With the right platforms and a government inclined toward transparency, people on the ground will be able to monitor progress, report corruption, share suggestions, and become an integral part of the conversations between the government and NGOs. We spoke with Rwanda’s president Paul Kagame, who remains among the most tech-savvy leaders in Africa, and asked how mobile technology is transforming the way citizens address local challenges. “Where people have needs―economic, security, and social―they will turn to their phones,” he said, “because their phones are the only way to protect themselves. People who need immediate help can now get it.” This, he explained, was a game-changer for populations in developing countries and particularly for people emerging from conflict or crisis. Building trust in the government is a crucial task, and by leveraging citizen participation through open platforms, this process can be much quicker and more sustainable: “In Rwanda, we have built a community policing program, where the community passes on information,” Kagame said, stressing that it was made much more efficient by the use of technology.

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. (총 40점)
More than half a century of research compellingly shows that family is the most important influence shaping how young people arrive at their political beliefs. Of course, people can develop an interest in politics later in life, party affiliation can change and evolve over time, and specific circumstances and events can motivate adults to become politically engaged. But the basis for most political attitudes and behaviors comes from what is learned in the family from a young age.
When young people in the US register to vote, for example, their initial party affiliation is often determined by whether their parents identify as Republicans, Democrats, or independents. More generally, adults’ ideas about good citizenship, political activism, and political interest can be traced back to the childhood home. Politically engaged parents tend to create family environments that emphasize and value civic engagement. And these messages affect adolescents’ behavior. Teenagers who discuss politics with their parents know more about public affairs and are more likely to vote, attend community meetings, sign petitions, participate in boycotts, and contribute money to candidates and political causes.
Women and men who are politically interested and ambitious also often recount childhood memories that were steeped in politics. Throughout the last 15 years, researchers have surveyed and interviewed thousands of women and men who work in the professions that most often precede political candidacies. Time and again, these potential candidates―most are in their late 40s and early 50s―refer to their early family experiences as setting the stage for their political interest later in life.