Pulpul Exam Practice

Moji to Goi (JFT) concept book

I-Adjectives and Na-Adjectives

I-Adjectives (広い・うるさい)

I-adjectives (形容詞, keiyōshi) are adjectives whose dictionary form ends in 「い」, for example 「広い(ひろい, wide)」 and 「うるさい(urusai, noisy)」. These words are used to describe the state of objects, rooms, weather, sounds, tastes, or the qualities of something. I-adjectives change form by replacing the 「い」 part, without using the auxiliary words 「だ」 or 「な」.

Polite predicate and form before a noun — an i-adjective is followed directly by 「です」 as the predicate, for example 「広いです」. In front of a noun, the dictionary form is used directly, for example 「広い部屋」 (a spacious room).

Negative form — remove 「い」 and add 「くない」: 「寒くないです」 (not cold). The past negative form is 「〜くなかった」, for example 「おもしろくなかった」 (was not interesting). The forms 「寒いくない」 or 「安いくない」 are wrong.

て form (connecting form) — remove 「い」 and add 「くて」. This form is used to connect two descriptions or to state a reason: 「安くて(cheap and)」, 「忙しくて(busy so)」, 「寒くて(cold so)」. The form 「重いくて」 is wrong.

Adverb form — remove 「い」 and add 「く」: 「広く」 (widely), 「明るく」 (brightly). This form is used before verbs or other adjectives, not as a predicate. The form 「暑くです」 is wrong; the correct form is 「暑いですね」.

Irregular i-adjective: いい — 「いい(good)」 has the negative form 「よくない」 and the past form 「よかった」. Its past negative form is 「よくなかった」, not 「いいくなかった」.

Choosing words by meaning:

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Exams that include this subject: JFT-Basic