Pulpul Exam Practice

Choukai (JLPT N5) concept book

Expressions of daily activity sequence

Sequence of daily activities

This concept expresses the order of actions: which is done first and which follows. In Japanese, order is marked with time connecting words and verb patterns. The main connecting words and patterns are as follows.

  • まず(mazu, first of all) — marks the first step in a sequence. When used with 〜てください, the instruction must be carried out earliest. Example: まず、りょうりを ならべてください。(Please arrange the food first.)
  • そのあと(sono ato, after that) and それから(sore kara, then) — connect the next step after the step already mentioned. Example: へやを そうじして、それから ごみを だします。
  • 〜てから(〜te kara, after doing 〜) — states that the second action is done after the first action is finished. Example: しゅくだいを してから、ねます。(After doing my homework, I go to sleep.)
  • 〜まえに(〜mae ni, before 〜) — used with the dictionary form (辞書形) of verbs. The action before 〜まえに is done first. Example: でかける まえに、まどを しめます。
  • 〜たら(〜tara, after / once 〜) — states that the next step is done after the previous action is finished. Example: ごはんを たべたら、はを みがいてね。
  • 〜てから / 〜あとで(〜ato de, later, after 〜) — used to express an activity that is postponed and done afterward. Example: てがみは あとで かきます。
  • 〜ておく(〜te oku, doing something in advance) — expresses preparation done beforehand, before the next activity. Example: あしたの じゅんびを して おいてね。
  • 〜てきます(〜te kimasu, go and do something, then come back) — expresses an activity done in another place before returning to the original place. Example: ぎんこうへ いって、おかねを おろして きます。
  • 〜ていく(〜te iku, go while doing something) — expresses an activity carried out or taken along while going somewhere. Example: かさを もって いきます。
  • 〜ないと(〜nai to, if not 〜) — states a condition that must be met so that something bad does not happen. Example: いそがないと、でんしゃに おくれます。
  • 〜てください(〜te kudasai, please 〜) — used to give instructions or make requests. Example: ここに なまえを かいてください。
  • 〜ていい(〜te ii, may 〜 / it is all right to 〜) — states permission or approval. The question form 〜ていいですか(may I 〜?) is used to ask for permission. Example: さきに かえっても いいですか。
  • 〜ては だめです(〜te wa dame desu, must not 〜) — states a prohibition. Example: ここで しゃしんを とっては だめです。
  • 〜たいんですが(〜tai n desu ga, I would like to 〜 but 〜) — used to politely express a wish before asking for something. Example: しゃしんを とりたいんですが。
  • 〜なければ なりません(〜nakereba narimasen, must 〜) — states an obligation. Example: あしたまでに、しごとを おわらせなければ なりません。
  • 〜ます / 〜ました(polite non-past / past form) — the 〜ました form is used to answer about activities already done. Example: きのう、えいがを みました。
  • 〜までです(〜made desu, until 〜) — states a time limit or the final limit of a service. Example: えいぎょうは よるの はちじまでです。
  • 〜ています(〜te imasu, ongoing state) — used for a state resulting from an action, for example 閉まっています(is closed).

In conversation, the listener must recognize sequence-indicating words (まず, そのあと, それから, その前に) and then choose the action mentioned earliest. The sentence 「じゃあ、〜します」 also shows a decision about the next action.

Preparations before leaving

This concept covers actions taken before a person goes out, such as looking for items, changing clothes, going back to get forgotten things, or taking something to bring along. The vocabulary and patterns that often appear are as follows.

What comes next

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Exams that include this subject: JLPT N5