Transportation & directions
Boarding buses & bus stops
In Japan, buses usually leave from a specific 「乗り場(のりば, boarding place)」. Each route or destination often has its own boarding place, so passengers must make sure they are at the correct 「のりば」. Do not confuse it with 「バス停(バスてい, bus stop)」, which is the pole or stopping point for buses, or 「切符売り場(きっぷうりば, ticket counter)」, which is the place where tickets are bought.
- 乗る(のる, to board) — used for vehicles: 「バスに乗る」. Its opposite is 降りる(おりる, to get off), for example 「駅の前でバスを降ります。」
- 〜行き(〜いき, bound for 〜 / heading to 〜) — 「駅行きのバス」 means a bus heading to the station. To confirm where a bus is going, people ask 「このバスは駅へ行きますか。」 The answer is 「はい、行きます」 or 「いいえ、行きません」. An answer that explains something else, such as the location of a park, does not answer that question.
- 〜番のバス(〜ばんのバス, bus number 〜) — buses are often distinguished by number. The pattern 「〜番のバスに乗ってください」 means 'please board bus number 〜'.
- 出る(でる, to depart / to operate) — 「〜番は今日は出ていません」 means the bus with that number is not operating today. In such a case, passengers must choose another bus.
- 遅れる(おくれる, to be late) — 「バスが十分遅れている」 means the bus is about ten minutes late. A common cause of delay is 「道路工事(どうろこうじ, road construction)」.
- 〜に一本(〜にいっぽん, once every 〜) — this pattern expresses frequency. 「二十分に一本」 means one bus comes every twenty minutes. 「一本しか来ない」 means only one arrival occurs within that time span, so the bus is hard to rely on.
- 〜ないで / 〜またずに(without 〜ing) — 「バスを待たずに歩く」 means to walk without waiting for a bus.
- 〜ほうがいい(had better 〜 / it is better to 〜) — used to give advice or make a decision after comparing options. 「バスを待つより歩いたほうがいい」 means it is better to walk than to wait for the bus.
Directions & routes
Direction expressions are used when someone is lost or when we need to explain a route to another person. There are two sides that must be mastered: asking for directions and giving directions.
- 道に迷う(みちにまよう, to get lost) — 「道に迷っている人」 means a person who is lost. 「道がわかりません」 means I do not know the way.
- 〜へはどう行けばいいですか(how should one go to 〜?) — this pattern is used to ask about the way or route. Unlike 「〜はどこですか」, which asks about location, this pattern asks how to go.
- まっすぐ行く(go straight) — an instruction to walk straight ahead without turning. 「まっすぐ行ってください」 is a polite form of request.
- 〜を右/左に曲がる(turn right/left at 〜) — 「交差点で右に曲がる」 means to turn right at the intersection.
- 〜つ目の角(〜つめのかど, the 〜th corner) — 「二つ目の角を右に」 means turn right at the second corner. The numbers 「一つ目, 二つ目, 三つ目」 indicate the order of intersections.
- 〜の隣(〜のとなり, next to 〜) — expresses a position directly beside a place. This is different from 〜の前(〜のまえ, in front of 〜). When describing locations, these two terms must be carefully distinguished.
- 〜の向かい(〜のむかい, across from 〜) — expresses a position on the opposite side of a place.
- 〜ので場所を教える(telling the location) — when answering a question such as 「〜はどこですか」 or giving directions, the speaker usually mentions a reference point first. For example, 「〜の隣が〜です」.
- ありがとうございました(thank you) — said after receiving help, not when giving help or asking for directions.
Choosing a mode of transportation
When choosing how to travel, people usually compare travel time, vehicle frequency, and distance. Transportation vocabulary that often appears includes バス(bus), 地下鉄(ちかてつ, subway), タクシー(taxi), 自転車(じてんしゃ, bicycle), and 歩く(あるく, to walk).
- 〜より〜のほうが早い(faster than 〜) — a comparison pattern for expressing the option that is quicker. 「歩いたほうが早い」 means walking is faster.
- 歩くと〜分ぐらい(if walking, about 〜 minutes) — this pattern is used to estimate travel time on foot. This estimated time often serves as the basis for deciding whether to walk or to wait for a vehicle.
- 〜たほうがいい(it is better to 〜) — used to express a decision or suggestion after weighing options. In situations where buses rarely come, walking is often the more reasonable choice.
- 待つ(まつ, to wait) — a verb for waiting for a vehicle or a person. In this context, its opposite is choosing to walk without waiting.
Directions & routes
Directions (みちあんない, michiannai) is a way of explaining a route to another person. To ask where a place is, use the pattern 「〜はどこですか」 or 「〜はどこにありますか」. For objects and buildings, 「ありますか」 is used, while for people or animals 「いますか」 is used. So 「ぎんこうは どこに いますか」 is not natural, because a bank is a building.
Vocabulary for directions and turns:
- まっすぐ行く (まっすぐいく, to go straight) — to walk forward without turning. 例) この通りをまっすぐ行くと、右手に薬局があります。
- 角を曲がる (かどをまがる, to turn at the corner) — used with 「右に」 or 「左に」. 例) 次の角を左に曲がってください。
- 〜つ目の角 — the corner counted as the nth one from a reference point that has already been mentioned, for example 「その先の」. 例) 駅の前の二つ目の角を右に曲がる。
- 信号 (しんごう, traffic light) and 交差点 (こうさてん, intersection) — landmarks used as reference points for turns. 例) 信号を渡ると、すぐ右にあります。
- 渡る (わたる, to cross) — used for a bridge, a pedestrian crossing, or an intersection. 例) 横断歩道を渡ってください。
- 通る (とおる, to pass through) — used for a road, the side of a place, or the area in front of a place. 例) 郵便局の前を通って、まっすぐ行きます。
- 工事中 (こうじちゅう, under construction) — a road that is being repaired usually cannot be passed (通れない, とおれない). The speaker then gives an alternative route, such as 「左の道を行ってください」.
Relative positions:
- 隣 (となり, next to) — right beside, on the same side. 例) 図書館は、その隣にあります。
- 向かい (むかい, opposite) — on the opposite side of the road, not next to it. 例) 病院は、コンビニの向かいです。
- 横 (よこ, beside) — 例) 学校の横を通ります。
- 手前 (てまえ, before, the side before) — 例) 駅の一つ手前の角。
- 近く (ちかく, near) and 遠い (とおい, far) — 例) 駅から遠いですか。
- 先 (さき, beyond, after) — 「その先」 means beyond that point.
- 右側・左側 (みぎがわ・ひだりがわ, right side, left side) — 例) 右側に大きいビルがあります。
Sentence patterns that often appear:
- 「〜と、〜にあります」 — the conditional 〜と means 'if you go that way, you will arrive at'. 例) まっすぐ行くと、左に見えますよ。
- 「〜てください」 — polite instruction. 例) 次の信号を右に曲がってください。
- 「〜てもらえませんか」 — polite request for help. 例) 駅までの道を教えてもらえませんか。
- 「〜ばいいですか」 — asking what the right way or action is. 例) どう行けばいいですか。
- 「〜に行きたいんですが」 — opening phrase for asking about a route.
- 「〜を探しています」 — expresses that one is looking for something.
- 「わかりません」 — expresses not knowing. It is polite, but it does not give directional information.
- 「〜に着きますか」 — asks whether something arrives at the destination. 例) このバスは空港に着きますか。
Answering location questions: A correct answer must contain a location or directions. An answer that mentions time, price, vehicle, or personal action does not match the question 「どこ」.
Boarding the bus & bus stops
Bus vocabulary:
- 乗り場 (のりば, place for boarding) — a place for waiting for and boarding a vehicle. 例) タクシーの乗り場はどこですか。
- 停留所 / バス停 (ていりゅうじょ / バスてい, bus stop) — a place where a bus stops to let passengers get on and off. Both have the same meaning.
- 止まる (とまる, to stop; intransitive verb) — 例) この電車は、次の駅に止まります。 The negative form 「止まりません」 means that the bus does not stop at that place.
- 乗る (のる, to board) and 降りる (おりる, to get off) — both are used for vehicles. 例) 次の駅で降ります。
- 行き先 (いきさき, destination) — the destination of a bus or vehicle.
- 運転手 (うんてんしゅ, driver) — the person you speak to inside the bus.
- 知らせる (しらせる, to inform) — 例) 運転手に次で降りることを知らせる。
- 移る (うつる, to move) and 遅れる (おくれる, to be late) — used to describe changes in location or schedule.
- 込む (こむ, to be crowded) — 例) 道が込んでいる。
Patterns for asking about buses:
- 「どのバスに乗ればいいですか」 — asking which bus you should take.
- 「どこで待てばいいですか」 — asking where you should wait for the bus.
- 「〜番のバス」 (〜ばんのバス, bus number ~) — the bus number indicates a specific route. The number may be different for each destination.
- 「このバスは〜まで行きますか」 — asking whether the bus goes to a certain place. 例) このバスは病院まで行きますか。
- 「〜に止まりますか」 — asking whether the bus stops at a certain place. 例) このバスは郵便局の前に止まりますか。
- 「〜を通りますか」 — asking about the route the bus passes through. 例) このバスは市場を通りますか。
Answering and giving instructions:
- 「〜から乗ってください」 — instruction about where to board.
- 「〜の向こうの停留所」 (むこう, across / over there) — a boarding stop located on the other side.
- 「〜で降ります」 — a statement that the passenger will get off at a certain place. 例) 次の停留所で降ります。
- 「〜つ前の停留所」 — the stop one stop before the usual stop.
- 「〜ずれている」 — the stop has shifted from its original position, usually because of road work.
Route change situations:
- When there is road work, buses may not follow the usual route, may stop at a different stop, or the boarding place may be moved. Passengers must therefore follow the latest instructions.
- A delayed bus (遅れている) or a crowded road (込んでいる) may make walking faster. 例) 道が込んでいるので、歩いた方が早いです。
Sentences inside the bus: A passenger who wants to get off tells the driver with 「〜で降ります」 or asks about the next stop. The form 「〜で降りませんか」 is a suggestion or a question, not a statement about oneself.
What comes next
- Choice of means of transportation
- Reasons for being late due to transportation
- Meeting place
- Ticket problems & train ticket machines
- Picking someone up at the station
- Car parking
- Train ticket purchase
Sign in to read the full text free, up to 2 units a day.
Read this unit in the app